![]() Stratosphere is controlled by the stratospheric temperature at the injection level. But the mass of volcanic water retained in the Volcanic water injectedīy eruptive jet and/or intruding through the tropopause accelerates SO 2 oxidation. Numerical experiments with the injection of 12 Mt SO 2, 75 Mt of volcanic ash, and 150 Mt of water vapor atĢ0 km show the best agreement with the observation aerosol optical depth and stratospheric temperature response. Is initially injected and the initial concentrations of the eruption products that affect radiative heating and lofting of the volcanic cloud. We found that the volcanic cloud evolution is sensitive to the altitude where volcanic debris Temperature response against available observations. ![]() The evolution of SO 2, SO 4 2 -, ash masses, stratospheric aerosol optical depth, surface area density (SAD), and the stratospheric We conducted multiple ensemble simulations with different injection configurations to test Injections of SO 2, volcanic ash, and water vapor. With the ozone cycle and aerosol formation, transport, and microphysics to calculate the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic cloud. ![]() We employ the ECHAM5/MESSy2 atmospheric chemistry general circulation model (EMAC) that incorporates calculations of gas-phase and heterogeneous chemistry coupled
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